Stoat prints WordPress’s standard numbered pagination at the foot of every listing: Previous, a run of page numbers around the current one, and Next.
There is no Customizer setting for it — the parts that vary are WordPress’s own.
How many posts per page
Settings → Reading → Blog pages show at most. The default is 10.
This is one number for the whole site: the blog home, every category and tag archive, author and date archives, and search results all use it.
What the links look like
Previous 1 2 [3] 4 ... 9 Next
The current page is marked, and one page either side of it is shown (mid_size 1), with the first and last always present and an ellipsis for the gap. On page 1 the Previous link is not printed; on the last page, neither is Next.
A paged archive also shows Page N beside the archive title, so a reader who lands on page 4 from a search engine knows where they are.
The featured post and page 2
The featured first post hero is printed on page 1 only. On page 2 onwards the listing is flat, because the “newest” post on page 2 is an arbitrary one and leading with it would be a lie.
Infinite scroll and load-more
Neither is in the theme. Both need JavaScript, both break the browser’s back button in ways that are hard to undo, and both hide the footer from readers who never reach the end. If you want one, a plugin can add it; Stoat will not fight it, but it will not ship it either.
Post navigation on a single post
Previous/next links between posts are a separate thing and Stoat does not print them. If you want them, a child theme can add the_post_navigation() to singular.php.